Applications In Polymer Chemistry Research Articles

Superhydrophobic Coatings Composed of Multifunctional Polymers Synthesized Using Successive Modification of Dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-thione.

Polymer synthesis via multicomponent reactions (MCRs) has opened avenues in polymer chemistry and led to the development of various types of functional polymers. Herein, we developed a strategy to prepare multifunctional polymers via the successive modification of dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-thione (DHPMT), which can be generated by the tricomponent Biginelli reaction. Four hydrophobic polymers were efficiently prepared by using DHPMT derivatives. These polymers can be dip-coated onto the oxidized copper mesh to obtain superhydrophobic meshes because of the strong attractive forces between the DHPMT derivatives and Cu(II). The optimized mesh has self-cleaning properties and outstanding stability in various liquid environments; it has also been successfully applied for oil/water separation with high separation efficiency and good durability. These results demonstrate that successive modification of DHPMT is a promising method for fabricating multifunctional polymers, which may have applications in polymer chemistry and materials science.

The interpolation between random walk and self-avoiding walk by avoiding marked sites

The self-avoiding walk (SAW) on a regular lattice is one of the most important and classic problems in statistical mechanics with major applications in polymer chemistry. Random walk is an exactly solved problem while SAW is an open problem so far. We interpolate these two limits in 1D and 2D by considering a model in which the walker marks certain sites in time and does not visit them again. We study two variants: (a) the walker marks sites at every k time-steps, in this case, it is possible to enumerate all possible paths of a given length. (b) The walker marks sites with a certain probability p. For k = 1 or p = 1, the walk reduces to the usual SAW. We compute the average trapping time and distance covered by a walker as a function of the number of steps and radius of gyration in these cases. We observe that 1D deterministic, 1D probabilistic, and 2D deterministic cases are in the same universality class as SAW while 2D probabilistic case shows continuously varying exponents.

Palladium/Brønsted Acid Catalysis for Hydrofunctionalizations of Alkynes: From Tsuji‐Trost Allylations to Stereoselective Methodologies

AbstractAlkynes are one of the most abundant feedstocks for chemical transformations. By merging palladium and Brønsted acid catalysts, they are converted into reactive allylmetal species, which become suitable for Tsuji‐Trost functionalizations with complete atom‐economy. This approach, which overcomes the limitations of traditional methods that suffer from the formation of over‐stoichiometric amounts of by‐products, has been disclosed for developing new C−C and C−Het bond forming methodologies. Within this review, we aim to survey the latest advancements in this area including applications in polymer chemistry, deuterium‐labeling and stereoselective catalysis.

Aqueous olefin metathesis: recent developments and applications.

Olefin metathesis is one of the most powerful C–C double-bond-forming reactions. Metathesis reactions have had a tremendous impact in organic synthesis, enabling a variety of applications in polymer chemistry, drug discovery and chemical biology. Although challenging, the possibility to perform aqueous metatheses has become an attractive alternative, not only because water is a more sustainable medium, but also to exploit biocompatible conditions. This review focuses on the progress made in aqueous olefin metatheses and their applications in chemical biology.

Monodisperse, sequence-defined macromolecules as a tool to evaluate the limits of ring-closing metathesis

Sequence-defined macromolecules of uniform size unlock the door to many new applications in polymer chemistry, such as structure/property or structure/activity relationship investigations, which cannot be conducted accurately, if the investigated macromolecules exhibit dispersity.

Valorization of Madagascar’s CNSL via the synthesis of one advanced intermediate (3-Pentadecylcyclohexanone)

A unique advanced intermediate: 3-Pentadecylcyclohexanone was synthetized from the crude product which contained a mixture of cardanol, cardol and 2-methylcardol, which was hydrogenated onto Pd/C at 80 °C. From this alkylated cyclohexanone: C15 alkylated adipic acid, caprolactam, caprolactone, were synthetized in high yields, such products may have many potentially applications in polymer chemistry. The condensation of the 3-pentadecyl-cyclohexanone and triethylene glycol in oxidative or reductive conditions gave aryl ether and cyclohexyl ether, this may be a way to prepare intermediate for surfactant chemistry. Therefore we show that Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) may lead to numerous useful compounds thank to the preparation of a unique advanced intermediate.

Redox Mechanism and Evaluation of Kinetic and Thermodynamic Parameters of 1,3‐Dioxolo[4,5‐g]pyrido[2,3‐b]quinoxaline Using Electrochemical Techniques

AbstractThe electrochemical behavior of a biologically important heterocyclic compound, 1,3‐dioxolo[4,5‐g]pyrido[2,3‐b]quinoxaline was investigated by cyclic, square wave and differential pulse voltammetry in solutions of different pH. Kinetic and thermodynamic parameters like standard rate constant, diffusion coefficient, apparent energy of activation, standard Gibbs free energy and enthalpy and entropy changes were evaluated. Limits of detection and quantification were determined by square wave voltammetry. The redox mechanism of the compound was proposed on the basis of experimental results. Computational chemistry was used as a tool for the verification of experimental outcomes and assessment of different theoretical parameters

High-Resolution Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy: Characterization of Polymorphism in Cimetidine, a Pharmaceutical Compound

High-resolution solid-state NMR (SSNMR) spectroscopy has many advantages as a tool to characterize solid-phase material that finds applications in polymer chemistry, nanotechnology, materials science, biomolecular structure determination, and others, including the pharmaceutical industry. The technology associated with achieving high resolution has evolved to where SSNMR spectroscopy has become routine. To highlight SSNMR spectroscopy capability, an experiment exploring polymorphism in a pharmaceutical compound is described. Polymorphism can be studied by one-dimensional 13C NMR spectroscopy, presenting a straightforward experiment to highlight the techniques of cross-polarization, magic-angle spinning, and decoupling. To aid those unfamiliar with solid-state NMR methods, a detailed tutorial on the associated techniques is provided. The polymorphs of cimetidine, the active pharmaceutical agent of Tagamet, were selected to study. The development of the histamine H2-receptor antagonist was novel, and the ra...

Functionalization of cardanol: towards biobased polymers and additives

Among the renewable resource materials, cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) is considered as an important starting material due to its unique structural features, abundant availability and low cost. A large number of chemicals and products have been developed starting from CNSL by taking advantage of the three reactive sites, namely, phenolic hydroxyl, aromatic ring and unsaturation(s) in the alkenyl side chain. This comprehensive review deals with general information on CNSL, its purification and separation methods, reactivity and applications in polymer chemistry.

Tris(pentafluorophenyl)aluminum: Synthesis, Reactivity and Polymerization Studies

The synthesis and reactivity of tris(pentafluophenyl)aluminum along with its various applications in polymer chemistry are summarized in this review.

N-Alkoxyamines: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications in Polymer Chemistry, Organic Synthesis, and Materials Science

This review describes methods for the synthesis of N-alkoxyamines developed over the past 15 years. Applications of N-alkoxyamines in living radical polymerization, macromolecular chemistry, stabilization of polymers or fluorescence sensing and imaging are discussed and emerging radical additions and cyclizations mediated by N-alkoxyamines are presented.

The destruction‐free analysis of polymers by fourier transform infrared photoacoustic and fourier transform Raman spectroscopy: A comparison

AbstractWith the introduction of rapid–scanning Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and recently Raman (FT–Raman) spectroscopy, vibrational spectroscopy has been launched into a new era of applications in polymer chemistry and physics. Thus, the increase in sensitivity provided by multiple scanning has led to the breakthrough of new, destruction–free sampling techniques, such as photoacoustic and Raman spectroscopy. This paper provides a comparison between data produced by FTIR photoacoustic and FT–Raman analysis of a range of polymers, and structural information available from both techniques is discussed.